What do North Koreans know about Canada? A 62-part propaganda film offers clues

In ultra-secretive North Korea, where many people have never laid eyes on South Korea's Taegukgi flag, Canada is little more than a vague geographical concept, according to defectors from the Asiancountry.

Outside of North Korea's elite schooling circles, the various impressions are that Canadamight be a Slavic-speaking nation inEurope; that it might be sympathetic to the regime; or that its political systemmirrors what they view as Pyongyang's Stalinist utopia.

For most North Koreans, perceptions of Canada areshaped largely by a popular 62-part film seriesthat left a strange, curiously favourable impression of Canadaas a landof sports cars, taekwondo and mild weather but also a place compromised by South Korean spies.

Thepropaganda epic is called Nation and Destiny,andwas commissioned in the 1990s by the late "Dear Leader" and movie-mad dictator Kim Jong-il.

Merely hearing that title jolted Ken Eom's memory.

"Ah yes, Nation and Destiny!" he exclaimed in a recent interview at an English school for North Korean refugees in Seoul. "Yeah, it was really popular in North Korea. I watched all of them."

What Eom recalled best from the series reportedly the country's most expensive film production ever, at the time are a handful of scenes from early episodes shot in what's presented as cosmopolitan "Canada, Ottawa." Eom believes it was his first-ever glimpse of the Western world.

Watch the start of this clip to see how 'Ottawa' is introduced in Nation and Destiny

"Yes. Canada! Ottawa!" Eom recalled. "It was first time to try to take shots [footage] outside...North Korea."

The protagonist isChoiHong Hi, who was born in modern-day North Korea and is regarded as the founder of taekwondo.Eom remembers a flashback of Choitaking a road trip through a pastoral landscape "a long journey from Canada to New York," as Choideclares while reminiscing in one scene.

"He drives sports car with his wife, through the highway, Ottawa," Eom said. "This one scene, that's really, really popular scene in North Korea. Many people thinking, 'Oh! One day I like to become something like him!' Because in North Korea, there is no exist life like that."

Many North Koreans may have never seen the U.S. flag and fewer still will recognize Canada's emblematic Maple Leaf. Experts say it's likely most North Koreans have no knowledge that Canada, seldomreferenced by North Korean leader KimJong-un, shares such a close bond and even a border with the regime's "Yankee" foe.

It didn't occur to Eom that Canada was friendly neighbours with the Americans he once learned todespise while in the military."I never expected Canada is near the United States," he said.

Not only that, he was led to believe Canada might have shared North Korea's values.

"I was thinking Canada is almost the same as North Korea's social system."

'Not one of the bad countries'

The filmwas popular because it gives "a glimpse of foreign life, exotic life," saidAndreiLankov, arenowned expert on North Korea who lived in Pyongyang during the1980sas an exchange student from the Soviet Union.

The film "wasn't about hardworking farmworkers and milkmaids," said Lankov."This is very interesting to North Koreans."

Lankovsaidthe "distorted" version of Canadadepicted in the series is that "it is not one of the bad countries."

TheDPRK'sKorean Central Broadcasting Committee describes Nation and Destinyas a film that"declares the truth that the people can live a glorious life only in the bosom of the Great Leader and socialist fatherland."

Watch the clip from 37:30 to see the popular Canada roadtrip scene from Nation and Destiny:

Early episodes chronicle how Choicame to be exiled to Canada from South Korea in the 1970s for teaching the martial art to North Koreans. Choiended up moving the headquarters for theInternational Taekwon-Do Federation to Toronto.(Choilived in Mississauga, Ont., just outside Toronto, and died in 2002 in Pyongyang.)

According to South Korea's Yonhap news agency, Nation and Destinyis still shown about 10,000 times a month in cinemas and on pre-tuned state TV channels in North Korea.

Nation and Destiny was a prestige project, said Johannes Schoenherr, a film historian who in early 2000 helped the North Korean diplomatic mission in Berlin procure films, "most likely for the viewing pleasure of Dear Leader Kim Jong-il."

Nation and Destiny was unique for introducing foreign locales to audiences that were indoctrinated to believe "Pyongyang was the grandest place on earth," said Schoenherr, who interviewed defectors for his 2012 book North Korean Cinema: A History.(Schoenherrsaid it'slikely that many of the foreign shots were stock footage orfilmed on sets inNorth Korea.)

"North Koreans learned from the film that Canada is a prospering, developed country and that it is rather neutral in the conflict between North and South Korea. Nothing bad is said about Canada as such in the movie," Schoenherr said.With one exception an insinuation that Canada "is a country with evil South Korean agents roaming about freely."

A view into the outside world

Foreign filmsare sometimes shown in North Korea although one defector said in a viral video thathe assumed, for example, thatthe 1988 U.S. action film Die Hardwas Russian.

Asked what North Koreans likely knew about Canada, Schoenherr said it was seen only as vaguely foreign."Maybe they think Canada is part of Europe," he said.

Growing up in Hasong-dong, some 30 kilometres northeast of the North Korean capital ofPyongyang, Eom watched Nation and Destiny many times over.So did a 28-year-old North Korean defector who gave her name as Tto-Hyang.

While she said she remembered that the film was aboutChoi Hong Hi,Tto-Hyang didn't recall a central plot element involving his life in Canada.

"I had heard about Canada,but I had no concept of what Canada was, what the people looked like, what language they spoke," Tto-Hyangsaid from her home in Seoul, where shehosts a popularYouTubeseries explaining life in North Korea.

She said scenes revealing everyday Western life didn't interesther at first, because she was "brainwashed" into thinking North Koreawas the most desirable country to live in.

"I didn't care about the outside world," she said, and neversaw the Canadian flag until after escaping with her familyto China and then Seoul nine years ago.

'A very good image for Canada'

Rocky Kim, a North Korean defector and advocate for North Korean refugees now living in Toronto, said Nation and Destiny inspired him to look for Canada's "capstone tower," a landmark he realized was the CN Tower.

"It's a very good image for Canada in North Korea," he said. "Because from that movie, we understand that Canada is a very freedom country and very nice persons living there and a developed country, and it's amazing place."

Eom travelled to Canada eventually, touring Quebec and finally seeing the Maple Leaf flag, something that baffled him at first.

"I thought this is stupid," he said, referring to the flag. "I didn't realize there are so many maple trees in Canada."

He lived in Toronto for three years, learning English and working as a construction contractor. While there,he felt exposed to a swirl of vibrant cultures and flavours and eventually gainedan appreciation for Canada's sweetest export.

"I could tour the world in one day in Toronto," he said. "And actually, it's good tasting, maple syrup."