L'affaire Tho: Riots against French police look familiar so does the proposed cure

It begins, as it does so often in France, in the suburbs of Paris. Clichy-sous-Bois, Villiers-le-Bel, Bobigny, Aulnay-sous-Bois the names evoke beauty and nature, but the streets frequently become riot zones.

The latest explosion was triggered by what is now known as "l'affaire Tho."

The actors are new, but the roles are familiar. On the one hand is Tho, a tall young black man, born in France. Facing him is a squad of French police, all white.

Tho, a community worker with an unblemished police record, made the mistake on Feb. 2 of intervening to try to calm a dispute between a friend and a police constable. He was arrested and beaten and then anally raped with a police truncheon.

The wounds to his rectum were so serious that Tho, 22, was rushed to hospital for an emergency operation. He's still in hospital.

News of the incident set off violent clashes between protesters and police in Aulnay-sous-Bois. They've taken place almost every night since with cars burnt, stores smashed by balaclava-wearing "casseurs" or anarchists, dozens arrested in several suburbs all despite a call for calm from Tho himself, lying in his hospital bed.

Standing beside him was the French president, Franois Hollande. He has praised the "dignity" and "lucidity" of Tho.

Demonstrations, along with the "smash and grab" gangs, have long been an integral part of French politics. It's considered a much better way of getting the government's attention than writing to the local MP.

Thanks to police videos, the authorities couldn't sweep the affair under a rug. A policeman was arrested and offered as his defence that the rape was "accidental." His truncheon somehow slipped into Tho's rectum. Three other policemen are being investigated for using excessive force.

Liberty, equality, fraternity those words have no value here.- Issa, a young Frenchman, in 2005

To add to the tension, on Feb. 14 a friend of Tho said one of the policemen had severely beaten him just a week before the rape. France's interior minister immediately ordered a second criminal investigation.

With France's presidential election just 2 months away, the "affaire Tho" has become a political football.

-The far-right leader, Marine Le Pen, backs the police unconditionally.

-The centre-right leader Franois Fillon blames the government.

-The socialist government calls for calm.

The nights of violence have echos of the riots of 2005. They started when police chased two young men who were later found dead, electrocuted at a local power station. The violence was far more intense and spread across the country for three weeks, causing hundreds of millions of dollars of damage. More than 3,000 people were arrested.

I covered those events. Walking into one of the suburbs that surround Paris in a ring of anger and resentment reminded me of war zones I had witnessed burnt-out cars, smashed storefronts, almost no one in the streets.

Few wanted to talk to outsiders, but, when they did, what I heard was a litany of anger and frustration. These were young men and women, most born in France but whose parents or grandparents were from North Africa or former French colonies in black Africa.

Issa was one of them. Reading his comments in my old notebook, I was struck by how similar they were to the angry complaints on the radio and television today.

"Liberty, equality, fraternity those words have no value here," he said. "They only have value in the centre of Paris. Liberty you go out and the police stop you five or six times a day. Equality when you try to find work, you don't have the same chance as someone in a rich district of Paris. Fraternity everyone fears the "other," the 'foreigner' the black or the North African."

Those words, those thoughts are being heard again more than a decade later, sometimes in even starker terms.

'Stop and frisk'

"There exists in France a form of territorial, social and ethnic apartheid." Not the words of one of the angry millions in the poor suburbs, but the verdict of Manuel Valls a year ago. He was the French prime minister until last December.

And France's ombudsman has just issued a report on "stop and frisk" based on a survey of 5,000 people his staff carried out. While 84 per cent of the respondents said they had never been stopped by police, 80 per cent of those of Arab or black background said they had.

The survey fills a void. The police keep no statistics on "stop and frisk." Franois Hollande came to power saying he would insist the police keep a count. He also said his government would drastically increase neighbourhood policing in the volatile suburbs. Neither promise was kept.

Instead, facing terrorist attacks planned and carried out by young men from the same suburbs, Hollande's government introduced a national state of emergency and extended it three times. It also heavily reinforced search and arrest powers for the police who only patrol armed and in cars in the "flashpoint" areas.

Won't change

The gulf between French police and people they're supposed to protect in the suburbs has widened dangerously. The crisis is not new. It goes back more than 30 years. But as it has worsened, successive governments have treated it only as a security problem.

That won't change. A look at the platforms of three leading contenders for the presidency reveals something approaching unanimity. The way to deal with the suburbs is to hire more cops, give them more money and weapons, and make it easier to throw people into prison.

For good measure, Marine Le Pen, the National Front leader, doesn't miss an opportunity to call demonstrators and protesters "scum."

That was the word used by Nicolas Sarkozy in 2005 when he was France's interior minister. Two years later he was elected president.

• French Socialist party fights for survival as primaries start