Harry and Meghan's retreat leaves questions hanging over royal relations with the Commonwealth

Amid the anticipation of Prince Harry and Meghan's wedding two years ago, there was a sense the couple was offering the House of Windsor a new window to the future.

They were young and dynamic, and it was thought they had the potential to help invigorate an institution some believe has been too bound by tradition.

Harry's appointment as Commonwealth Youth Ambassador seemed a particularly forward-looking role for him, and Meghan soon joined him with her own Commonwealth appointments.

But their decision to step back from official duties as senior members of the Royal Family effectively cuts some of that off at the knees, and leaves questions looming over the relationship of the monarchy with an organization that facesuncertaintyof its own over its relevance and future.

"Harry and Meghan were very much identified as the junior Royals who would play the most prominent role within the Commonwealth in terms of overseas trips and and also fronting up Commonwealth organizations," said Philip Murphy, director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London."Where that goes, in some cases it's clear, in some cases it isn't."

For Harry and Meghan and the House of Windsor the Commonwealth was front and centre Monday in London as senior royals attended the annual Commonwealth Service held to mark Commonwealth Day.

"It's not by chance that probably the last occasion that Harry and Meghan, and William, Kate and the Queen and Prince Charles are going to be together at a ceremonial occasion is for the Commonwealth multi-faith service," said Murphy.

"The Queen and the Royal Family have always demonstrated their commitment to the Commonwealth by turning up at these things."

Fostering 'international co-operation'

Last year, Harry and Meghan also turned up at Canada House in London for a youth-focused event to mark Commonwealth Day.

It also marked the 70th anniversary of the London Declaration, in which leaders of the Commonwealth countries agreed to be "free and equal members of the Commonwealth of Nations, freely co-operating in the pursuit of peace, liberty and progress," with the monarch as its head.

According to the royal website, the modern Commonwealth, with 53 member countries, existsto "foster international co-operation and trade links between people all over the world."

But there has been debate about the role and relevance ofthe organization, including concerns some of its members particularly in parts of Asia and Africa havequestionable records on human rights and democracy.

On their own website, Harry and Meghan note that citizens of Commonwealth countries make up one-third of the world's population, and 60 per cent of them are under 30 years of age.

"The collective strength, passionand perspective of this rising generation present a unique opportunity to bring about positive change on both a grassroots and global level today, and in the decades to come," their website says.

The Commonwealth has been a priority for the Queen, and in 2018, its leaders confirmed that her son and heir, Prince Charles, would be the next leader following her.

• Leaders approve Prince Charles to succeed Queen as Commonwealth head

The future of the Commonwealth

As Murphy sees it, "ironically, and in a way slightly counterintuitively, the monarchy has become more important for the Commonwealth in recent years than it was, say, in the '60s, '70s and '80s."

He said that's because until the beginning of the 1990s, the Commonwealth had a fair amount of momentum.

"It mattered as an organization in international affairs in large part because the issue of southern Africa and ... the proper decolonization of southern Africa was still a major concern, and the Commonwealth had a part to play in that, and did," said Murphy.

"Since then, the Commonwealth has been really looking for a role and not really finding one, and so the support of the Royal Family has been more important than ever to it."

But which members of the family will do that now?

Certainly Harry and Meghan won't be doing the official kinds of duties that took them on tours to Australia, New Zealandand southern Africa.

"We're not going to see those high-profile official tours that we would expect if they were continuing to undertake a full schedule of royal duties," said Toronto-based royal author and historian Carolyn Harris.

And that, Harris suggested, could have a ripple effect.

"I think it's going to have a significance that the Commonwealth is going to see fewer tours from senior members of the Royal Family."

More 'lower-profile visits'

In Canada, for example, there's been a trend toward shorter, more targeted visits. Some are working visits that fly well under the national radar.

"We no longer see multiple high-profile official royal visits happening in the same year," said Harris."Instead, there tends to be a high-profile official visit every few years, and then we get these more lower-profile visits, working visits."

And if there are fewer visits, that could have its own effect, raising more fundamental questions, said Craig Prescott, a senior lecturer in the department of law at Winchester University in southern England.

"If you're in Australia or Canada and you're not getting the royal visits you were getting ... five, 10 years ago, is there any point in having the Queen of Canada or the Queen of Australia as your head of state if you don't see them or their representative very often?"

Prescott said he thinks "there's got to be a re-calibration" in how members of the Royal Family fulfil their roles collectively "as head of nation, head of state, head of Commonwealth"

For Harry and Meghan, it's not a total severing of Commonwealth roles, even as they step back from official duties.

Harry is no longer the Commonwealth Youth Ambassador, and they will notrepresent the Commonwealth. But Meghan is continuing as patron of the Association of Commonwealth Universities.

"The ACU is something that's clearly very close to her heart. She's been very active," said Murphy. "They did an event for the ACU in South Africa when they were there last year and ... I know she's told the organization that she wants to continue to be their patron, so that's all very clear."

• The Royal Fascinator:Harry and Meghan get their freedom, but at what cost?

What's less evident, he said, concerns the Queen's Commonwealth Trust, which was formed in 2016 as a successor to earlier trusts, with Harry as its president and Meghan as vice-president.

"Clearly the expectation was that Harry and Meghan would be very public faces of this trust and would help raise money," said Murphy. "Whether they have the time or inclination to do that now that they've stepped back from public duties is far from clear."

Prescott said it seemed as if Harry and Meghan had a real, emotional commitment to the Commonwealth. Contemplating replacements for their involvement might point to Harry's cousins, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie.

"Or do you lose that function?So there's got to be some really big decisions made Ithink in the months ahead."