Catalan separatists go on trial, laying bare Spain's divisions

A dozen Catalan separatist leaders went on trial in Madrid on Tuesday over their roles in a failed independence bid that laid bare historical divisions and triggered Spain's biggest political crisis in decades.

Flanked by hundreds of police, pro- and anti-separatist demonstrators gathered outside the SpanishSupreme Court, where the defendants face charges of rebellion, sedition and misuse of public funds.

Their supporters carried signs reading "Freedom for political prisoners" while a small rival group shouted "Golpista" or "coup plotter," portraying the region's independence declaration of October 2017 as an attempt to dismantle the Spanish state.

In his opening remarks to the trial, which is being transmitted live on national television, a lawyer defending two of the accused said they had the right to seek independence for their region.

"They have the right to defend that idea. It [self-determination]is a synonym of peace, not of war," Andreu Van den Eyndehe told the court.

The politically charged trial comes at a pivotal time for Spain's government, with a snap national election on the cards unless Catalan nationalist lawmakers support the 2019 budget in a vote scheduled for Wednesday.

The case also exposes the workings of Spain's democracy relatively young by western European standards to their widest scrutiny since a failed coup in 1981.

Theindependence bid, which ended by a televised intervention by King Juan Carlos, occurred three years after the current constitution was approved to complete a democratic transition that began in 1975 with dictator Francisco Franco's death.

The constitution bans any Spanish region from seceding.

Self-imposed exile

Supporters of the defendants, who face up to 25 years in prison if convicted, say they are political prisoners and the trial itself is political. The government says they are being judged solely in line with the rule of law.

None of the 12 isscheduled to speak in the first day of the trial, which is dominated by procedural issues. Nine of them have been jailed without bail since late 2017 or early 2018.

Meanwhile, seven other politicians involved in the independence declaration including former leader Carles Puigdemont are in self-imposed exile in different parts of Europe. In Berlin on Tuesday, Puigdemont said the trial marked a stress test for Spain's democracy.

The declaration followed a referendum carried out in defiance of a judicial ban, angering some Catalans and much of the rest of Spain.

But there was shock at home as well as abroad when police used batons and rubber bullets on protesters on the day of the vote.

The Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists, a human rights group of judges and lawyers, said the trial risked restricting rights and could set a precedent.

Olivier Peter, a lawyer for one of the accused, said the world was looking at authorities in Madrid. "What they want is not to judge but to condemn [for]political reasons," he told reporters on Monday.

Budget bill backdrop

While declining to discuss any move towardCatalan independence, Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has adopted a more conciliatory stance towardthe secessionist movement than the conservative government that preceded him, and tried to establish dialogue.

But so far, nationalist lawmakers from the wealthy northeastern region have said they will block the budget bill, citing Sanchez's refusal to include an independence option in the talks.

With his party holding less than a quarter of seats in the lower parliamentary house, the absence of Catalan support for the budget would almost certainly sink the bill and in turn likely prompt a snap election.

In an early-morning tweet, Sanchez said he expected both the right and pro-independence lawmakers to vote against his budget. "They both want the same: A divided Catalonia and a divided Spain. We are working for a Catalonia in peace and a united Spain," he said.

Secessionists have called on Catalans to briefly stop work at midday on Tuesday in protest against the trial, and to join a rally in Barcelona in the evening. Another big demonstration is planned for Saturday and a general strike on Feb. 21.

After imposing direct rule on Catalonia in October 2017 in response to the independence declaration, the previous conservative government called regional elections to curb the independence movement. But the move backfired as the secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan assembly.

The trial is expected to last at least three months, with a final ruling being delivered in June or later.