Google says it will crack down on fake news sites

Google's search engine highlighted an inaccurate story claiming that President-elect Donald Trump won the popular vote in last week's election, the latest example of bogus information spread by the internet's gatekeepers.

The incorrect results were shown Monday in a two-day-old story posted on the pro-Trump "70 News" site. A link to the site appeared at or near the top of Google's influential rankings of relevant news stories for searches on the final election results.

Google acknowledged the problem, although as of mid-afternoon Monday, the link to "70 News" remained prominent in its results.

• Political bots spread misinformation during U.S. campaign

Although Google rarely removes content from its search results, the company is taking steps to punish sites that manufacture falsehoods.

In a move disclosed Monday, Google says it will prevent its lucrative digital ads from appearing fake news sites.

"Moving forward, we will restrict ad serving on pages that misrepresent, misstate, or conceal information about the publisher, the publisher's content, or the primary purpose of the web property,"Google spokeswoman Andrea
Favillesaid.

The action could give sites a bigger incentive to get things right or risk losing a valuable source of revenue.

Fake news on steroids

False information is nothing new on the internet, where debunkers have been batting down unfounded claims and urban legends for more than two decades.

But the problem has gained more attention in the post-mortem of a bitterly contested presidential election in which Trump, a Republican billionaire and former reality TV star, defeated Hillary Clinton, a Democrat and former U.S. secretary of state who had been leading in the polls.

Trump wound up prevailing in enough key states to win the Electoral College's decisive vote, but is trailing Clinton in the overall popular vote with some ballots still being counted. Clinton's lead in the popular vote has become one of the flashpoints in the protests against Trump's election being staged in cities across the country.

Google is just the latest company in the crosshairs. Fake news stories uncritically circulated during and after the election on Facebook have sparked a debate over the role of social media companies, which are key sources of news for large numbers of people. Critics suggest that these companies should be more careful to ensure they aren't passing along misleading information.

• Only Facebook knows how it spreads fake election news

Google's dominant search engine is the leading source of traffic to media sites, according to the online analytics firm Chartbeat. Meanwhile, a study by the Pew Research Center found about 60 per cent of Americans get at least some of their news from social media sites such as Facebook, which now has 178 million users in the U.S. and Canada.

In the election's aftermath, Facebook has been accused of possibly swaying the election's outcome by promoting fake news stories on its social network. Last summer, the company fired a handful of journalists who oversaw its "trending" news list and replaced them with an algorithm; fake news stories quickly began to trend.

'Failure of the algorithms'

Google conceded its search engine misfired with the 70 News story that falsely declared Trump the popular vote winner in both its headline and the body of the text.

"In this case we clearly didn't get it right, but we are continually working to improve our algorithms," the company said in a statement.

Bad information in an online headline or at the top of a story can be particularly damaging. Roughly 53 per cent of the people who land on a web page stay for 15 seconds or less, according to Chartbeat's findings.

When algorithms fail, it highlights the fact that they are not just some kind of neutral technology. They are programmed by human beings and they have all the failings of human beings.-Ken Doctor, Newsonomics

Incorrect information is bound to ripple across theinternetas more people rely on their phones, computers and other digital devices to read news that is picked out for them by automated programs, said media analyst Ken Doctor ofNewsonomics.

"What we are seeing is the failure of the algorithm," Doctor said. "These algorithms bring a lot of things into our lives that humans cannot do. But when algorithms fail, it highlights the fact that they are not just some kind of neutral technology. They are programmed by human beings and they have all the failings of human beings."

It's difficult to know what happened when an algorithm goes awry becauseGoogle,Facebookand otherinternetcompanies closely guard how they work, much the way Coca-Cola protects the recipe for its soda.

But the growing power that Google and Facebook hold over the flow of information could increase the political pressure for them to be held more accountable, Doctor said.

In the meantime, most people remain skeptical about what they read online.