U.S. reviews benefits of blood thinner Plavix in certain patients

Federal health officials in the U.S.are investigating whether the blood thinner Plavix the world's second-best-selling drug, used by millions to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke may be less effective in some patients.

The Food and Drug Administration saidit is reviewing reports that certain heartburn medications can neutralize the benefits of Plavix.

The agency said Monday it is also investigating whether patients from certain genetic backgroundscan't reap the drug's benefits.

In both cases, the FDA said patients may have trouble metabolizing Plavix, reducing its ability to prevent deadly blood clots.

Plavix had global sales of $7.3 billion USin 2007. The drug is soldby Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Sanofi-Aventis SA and has been prescribed to more than 90 million patients around the world.

In November, researchers found that taking Plavix with popular prescription heartburn drugs like AstraZeneca PLC's Nexium significantly increased patients' chances of being treated in hospitalfor a heart attack, stroke or chest pain.

The researchers suggestedthe heartburn drugs might interfere with a liver enzyme needed to metabolize Plavix.

However, some heart experts were skeptical of the findings. They noted that patients taking heartburn drugs may already have health problems that skew their risk for heart attack and other problems.

Doctors prescribe so-called proton pump inhibitor drugs to treat heartburn, in which painful stomach acids come back up the esophagus.

Because Plavix, known generically as clopidogrel, can upset the stomach, it is often prescribed with the acid-blocking drugs, which include Wyeth's Protonix.

Other heartburn options

FDA saidit is important to determine how the drugs interact because "decreases in the effectiveness of clopidogrel might be avoided, in part, by using other drugs that do not interfere with its metabolism."

FDA said there is no evidence that the "H2 blocker" family of heartburn drugs counteract Plavix. Those drugs include Johnson & Johnson's Pepcid, Boehringer Ingelheim's Zantac and GlaxoSmithKline's Tagamet HB.

Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol-Myers Squibb said they are conducting studies of whether genetic factors or heartburn drugs can interfere with Plavix.

"Individuals do not all respond to the same degree to a specific drug," said Sanofi spokeswoman Elizabeth Baxter. "Many studies are currently ongoing, including studies of clopidogrel, to explore what is responsible for this phenomenon."

The studies will take several months to complete, according to the FDA, which said it willissue recommendations after reviewing them.

Until more information is available, the FDA says patients should continue taking Plavix. However, doctors should be cautious when prescribing the heartburn drugs to patients already taking Plavix.

In general, the FDA has begun notifying the public earlier about possible safety issues involving drugs.

The policy change came after the agency was criticized for acting too slowly on information about medicines that were later removed from the market forsafety reasons.