I. Am. Canadian.

Q: Some people see True Patriot Love as the first salvo in your campaign to become prime minister. But in fact you decided to publish the story about your great-grandfather and grandfather well before you entered politics. Why did you want to write it in the first place?

A: I wrote the Russian Album, which was about my Russian family, because at the time, I thought of my Russian past as being more exotic and maybe my father [George Ignatieff] was a more important person in my life in the 1980s. Getting free of them, growing up, coming to grips with my fathers family was important. But I was always aware that my mother had a past, and I think some of what drives writing this book is just appreciating how much my mother meant to me, how much I learned from her, how important her past was to me. She is a kind of secret presence in this book. Some of the stories, some of the inheritance, come from her.

My mother spent the last 10 years of her life struggling with Alzheimers, which I kind of blotted out because it was so painful to me. She was pretty far gone for the last year or two. I think she sort of recognized my brother; I think she sort of recognized me. But that was painful.

In a way, the chapter [in the book] about the Second World War is about her. She had an extraordinary experience. She was in London right through the whole war. She went through the Blitz. She met Frank Pickersgill, whom she fell in love with. He died and then she met my father. It was the formative period of her life. One of the things the book does is put her story into a context. Its really an homage to her people.

Q: I love the development of the Canadian railway as a metaphor in the book, because the railway is a metaphor we often use to imagine ourselves as a vast yet unified country. But you suggest in the book that we are not living up to that dream.

A: I think one of the key lines in the book for me is that these people [his great-grandfathers generation] believed more in us than we believe in ourselves. The thing that really strikes me about the building of the railway is just, they were nuts! It was so expensive, there was no market, there was nobody out there. And yet they went through it and they did it because they wanted to create this country. We now look at building high-speed rail not even across the country; between Quebec City and Windsor and we think, too expensive, too difficult, cant be done. But wait a minute, wait a minute thats not what they thought. I dont want to overdo this, but what was inspiring to me about going back and reviewing all of this history was just how passionately that generation believed in the country. Thats a lesson for us.

Q: But wasnt that just the optimism of the times?

A: Yes, there is something about their patriotism which we cant recapture, because were more ironic and we have also seen what patriotism unleashed can do. But I dont know I still think theyre pretty inspiring. When I think about what Id like to do in politics, it has to do with recapturing the spirit they had in the 19th century.

But theres another part of the book which I want to put some emphasis on: One persons dream is always achieved at the price of someone else. And theres no doubt that national dream of the 19th century was not the dream of French Canadians; it was not the dream of aboriginals; it was not the dream of the Mtis. Thats the other thing you learn. My grandfather believed that Canada had been made on the battlefield of the First World War. But that was not a sentiment shared by all Canadians.

There is no one history. Theres no moment where were beyond argument here. Our country is very conflicted about its history, and it should be. There are some very dark passages out there, and there are some bright ones. So its important not to ram ones dreams down other peoples throats.

Q: Part of what intrigued me with this book is the way you demonstrated how war has shaped the character of our nation.

A: Theres no question that the Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War are key chapters in the book. And in each case, they were defining moments. If Canada came out of the Second World War thinking it was an important country to a degree that we often arent honest enough to admit, its because we made a huge contribution. A lot of our best and bravest didnt come home. And Canadians are very troubled by that, and they should be. Nothing has done more to harm patriotism than the idea that patriotism can lead you into war and to military sacrifice. And for very good reasons, Canadians are skeptical about that. Were going through this in Afghanistan right now. Canadians are incredibly proud and grateful to the soldiers. But were all asking, is it worth it? We asked this every time we had to go to fight.

Dont think Im keen for Canada to use military force; Im not. Diplomacy, development, humanitarian aid are preferable to military force. But if someone is living in fear for their lives and were asked to protect them, we have to protect them properly.

Q: Why would anybody think otherwise?

A: I think some Canadians dont like the idea of having a combat-capable military, and I respect that. But if we are going to protect ourselves, let alone anybody else, we have to have the capacity to do that.

Q: Was this partly what led to your initial support of the war in Iraq?

A: This was what Iraq was about for me. Ive been to Iraq and seen what Saddam did to the Kurds: using poison gas on civilian populations. You thought, this guy has gotta go. But it was a mistake to believe that deploying U.S. military force, without [UN] Security Council approval, would do anything other than alienate the world. Im glad Iraq is now getting towards stability. But that doesnt change the fact that I think the invasion achieved these goals at a horrendous price.

Q: Some Canadians see you as too cerebral for politics. Is this part of some weird North American notion that youre either a man of thought or a man of action, that you cant be both?

A: Thats an interesting question. I think that in the case of my family, what is interesting is how much they translated thought into action. And vice versa. Here was my great-grandfather, a Presbyterian clergyman who throws everything up including a wife who is pregnant, right: leaves her; goes out for three months across the west. And then again in the 1890s, when the countrys being torn apart by the Manitoba Schools Crisis, he stops being president for Queens University and does a months reporting for the Globe and Mail. I really do admire that. And my grandfather, who became principal of Upper Canada College, goes and fights in the First World War.

What I respect about these old, departed shades is that they did put their ideas into action. Above all, as so-called intellectuals, they understood something Ive always believed in: that you cant know anything until youve touched it. You cant know anything until youve lived it. They lived their country; they lived it. They didnt just sit in a study and write about it, and thats been a very strong part of my own life.

Q: Some people have said that you are too decent to survive the rough-and-tumble world of politics. Is that why you brought in a guy like Warren Kinsella to head up your campaign team?

A: [Laughter] Im glad people think Im decent. And I hope, joking aside, that we maintain basic decency in politics and that there are some things you just dont do, and that also applies to Mr. Kinsella. Nobody who works for me should be taking cheap shots, and if they take cheap shots, they wont be working for me for very long.

Q: Why did you want Kinsella in the first place?

A: Warren is a very close friend of people who work with me and for me. Hes clever. I want some tough people because Im up against some tough people. I cant be nave about that. But theres a line between being tough and being unfair, and Im responsible to making sure we dont cross that line.

Q: In True Patriot Love, you seem to suggest that we ought to be going further in terms of what we imagine Canada to be, especially with regards to cultural accommodation. Is that correct?

A: You dont want a multiculturalism which is just one bell jar after another of separation. You go door to door, as I do in my riding, and the moments when you worry most about your country is when you are on the 24th floor of social housing, and one door is Ghanaian and the next door is Somali and the next door is a recent Chinese immigrant, and they dont speak any shared language at all. They dont know each other. They dont open their doors to each other. You then think, whoa, wait a minute; there is a problem here. You do want them to be able to communicate with each other. You do want them to speak English or French. You do want them to feel equality under their feet, right? I sometimes think were not doing a great job of pulling people together into one shared sense of unity in difference. And I think thats a preoccupation of mine.

But its very important not to lose faith. Between 1896 and 1911, [Canada] took in a much higher percentage of our population in immigration than any time before or since, and at the time, if you talked to the experts, they all would have said, "Hell! Its going to hell here! All these Slavs, all these Russians, all these Ukrainians coming. For Heavens sake! They dont speak anything! What are we doing?" But now look at them. So lets just keep the faith.

Q: True Patriot Love describes your deep affection for the country. Is it a response to those who accuse you of not being Canadian enough, of having spent too much time outside of the country?

A: Lets just back up here. Who says that the proof of patriotism is never going out of the country? Twenty-five per cent of our country was born in another place. Are they less good Canadians because they were born somewhere else? There are a million Canadians that work and live overseas. Are they less good Canadians? No. We think thats great. I just wont give any ground on that.

I think we ought to have a discussion about what patriotism is. Patriotism is not blind. The "true" in True Patriot Love is very important to me. I dont want a false patriotism where you say, my country right or wrong. I dont want a false patriotism where you say, our history has always been glorious. I want a true patriotism in which you say there are some challenges we have not overcome. But were going to stick at it together. Because we love the place and we love each other and we want it to turn out OK.