Today the NLC bids goodbye to plastic bags. What's next?

Waves of Changeis a CBC series exploring the single-use plastic we're discarding, and why we need to clean up our act. You can be part of the community discussion by joiningour Facebook group.

The poster child for single-use plastic waste has taken another hit in Newfoundland and Labrador, but it's unclear whatthe next step is to combat theoverall environmental problem.

As of Thursday morning, the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporationis no longer offering plastic bags in its stores. Instead,customers have thechoice of free paper bags, reusable ones for 99 cents, or bringing their own.

It was a decision made, in part, because customers asked for it, and a move the NLCsays has been welcomed since firstannounced in September.

"We have received nothing but positive feedback," said Wally Dicks, the NLC's chief operating officer.

"Most customers are happyand think we're doing the right thing. Even our suppliers have said the same thing."

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The bag ban comes on the heels of a wave of criticism about excessive cannabis packaging. Whilethe NLCregulates marijuana in the province, itspackaging is federally mandated by Health Canada, and cannabis companies such as Canopy Growth have said that issue is a work in progress.

Conversation changer

After today, there may still be a few liquor store plastic bags in circulation, said Dicks, as stores rid themselves of remaining inventory. Apart from New Brunswick and British Columbia, other provinces' liquor corporations have already discontinued plastic bags.

"They're lagging behind the rest of the country, but at least they've implemented it," said Tony Walker, a professor at Dalhousie University and expert in plastic pollution.

The province calculatesplastic bags actually make up just 0.2 per cent of all annually generated waste in Newfoundland and Labrador.

"In terms of quantity, it's tiny. Same could be said for straws, which were bashed this year as well," said Walker, adding the symbolism of banning bags, and its ability to be a conversation starter, are the bigger environmental wins.

"What Isee coming out of thisin terms of positive action, is it probably changes people's interaction now with other types of single-use plastics."

To ban, or not to ban

The debate overa provincewide plastic bag ban hasdragged on in the public arena for years, with the issue lobbed back and forth between levels of government and organizations to a tedious and confusing degree.

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Prior to the NLC's move, someprivate retailerslike those on FogoIsland made the leap to a ban within their own stores. Likewise, select municipalities such as Cartwright and Nain have outlawed them within their respective jurisdictions.

The Plastics Industry Association andThe Canadian Federation of Independent Businesshave opposed a provincial ban.Those groups, along with others such as the Retail Council of Canada andMunicipalities Newfoundland and Labrador, met with government departments in September to discuss plastic bags.

Out of that meeting, the Department of Environment told CBCin a statement, "Industry has indicated a willingness to work with the province on a plan to significantly reduce plastic bags."

The statement made no mention ofan outright ban.

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Meanwhile, Prince Edward Island is moving to become the first Canadian province to ban the bags at a provincial level, and national bans have worked overseasin wide swaths of Europe and even in populous polluters like China.

While Walker said he is in favour of some sort of ban or tax on bags in Canada, hecautioned thattop-down federal regulatory framework is challenging in this country, where waste management is most often a municipal issueand has to caterto diverse needs and demographics.

"Ithink the only thing that Canada cando at the federal level is to maybe facilitate, and make it possible for municipalitiesto have some kind of system in place," he said.

"I'm envisioning a future whereby the federal government, and the different provinces, can help municipalities get on board with some sort of standardized approach."

A five-pence success

There are other options to reducebag consumption besides an outrightban.Some countries rely on levies or taxes:England introduced a five-pence consumer chargeforbags in 2015, and its government reportednine billion fewer bags have since been sold as a result.

England's charge is not a tax, and while its government asks retailers to donate the collected fees to a good cause, there's no mechanism forcing them to do so.

While a plastic taxcan be hard for citizens to stomach, Walker said, if governments make it transparent that monies collected are going toward a good cause, such as environmental outreach. it can make the extra cost much more publicly palatable.

The NLCtold CBCthe 99-cent price tag for its reusable bags is just cost-recovery for the product, with nothing leftover. The corporation does expect to save $180,000 a year by no longer supplying plastic bags.

What's a shopper to do?

If by now you're overwhelmed at the thought of your next grocery store run, add this into the mix: it isn't even clear whether the environmental footprint of reusable bags trumps that of a single-use plastic one.

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An oft-cited British studyutilizing data from 2006 declared a cotton bag has to be reused 131 times in order to offset its carbon footprint, whichcontributes to climate change: think of the production put into growing cotton, or the facilities needed to weave the fabric. By the same logic,apaper bag should be reused three times.

Walker maintained reusablebags remain the better choice, aswhat studies like that one fail to consider is the environmental cost of plastic's unfortunately immortal qualities.

"Cotton, if there's no print or inks on it, it could be composted," he said. "Paper, at the end of its useful life, hasvery few, if any, environmental impacts.But we know that plastic, if mismanaged and gets into environment, has long lasting impacts."

In the face of government inaction, a hodgepodge ofretailer bans and evenpersonal plastic fatigue, Walker maintained consumers are still able to affect change, and the NLC's move is proof of that power.

There's no one solution, no one silver bullet for this problem.- Tony Walker

"We do have a choice. We can choose to just stick to the status quo, and the massive convenience brought about by plastics and just carry on as normal, or in the face of overwhelming evidence on this, is to make a personal choice. and that can be bringing your reusable bag," he said.

"There's no one solution,no one silver bullet for this problem. But Ithink all kinds of solutions working together will have a positive impact."

Join the discussion on theCBCWaves of Change Facebook group, or email us:wavesofchange@cbc.ca.

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