Keep your camera handy: Stories of Manitoba lake monsters told for centuries but proof remains elusive

As theweather heats up for another Manitoba summer, don't forget the essential cottage country checklist: hat, sunscreen, bug repellent, binoculars for sighting lake monsters.

Oh, and a camera. While there are plenty of stories, there's little proof of the beasts known as Manipogoand Winnipogo.

"For more than 100 years, many people in Manitoba have said that they have actually seen some sort of creature swimming and rearing up out of various lakes and waterways in Manitoba. It's sort of like our version of Loch Ness," said Chris Rutkowski, a Winnipeg science writer who "specializes in the strange and unusual" and is the author ofUnnatural History: True Manitoba Mysteries.

"People have said these things really exist, but the trouble is that we don't have any really good scientific evidence. But wehavethis body of many witnesses reporting something, so what do you do in that instance other than try and listen, and try to make sense of what they've reported?"

What they have reported, fairly consistently, is a serpentine beast from four to 15 metres long with abrownish-black bodyand at least one humpthat shows above the water.

Its head is sometimes compared to that of a horse, camel or sheep, while others have claimed it wasflat and diamond-shaped.

Many have also purported to have heard a shriek or cry as it surfaces.

It was named Manipogo (a hybrid of Manitoba and Ogopogo, the famous Okanagan Lake, B.C., monster) in 1960, a year in which a number of sightings were reported.

The name was created by Tom Locke, aland inspector in charge of planningthe provincial government's program for public playgrounds and recreational parks.

He also gave the name to a park created on the northwestern shore of Lake Manitoba, close to where many sightings had taken place and not too far fromhis own sighting.

OnAug. 10, 1960, he and 16 others said they saw three creatures swimming near the area ofToutesAides, a community 245 kilometres northwest of Winnipeg, on the shore of Lake Manitoba.

Winnipogois a similar hybrid name. though there is dispute over whether the first half is for Lake Winnipeg or Lake Winnipegosis there have beensightings in both.

First Nations stories of Manipogo go back centuries, while the first documented sighting by a white settler came in 1909, whenHudson's Bay Company fur trader Valentine McKay claimed to see a huge creature in Cedar Lake.

Timber inspector C.F. Ross and a friend were next, saying they saw a single-horned creaturethat looked like a dinosaur in 1935.

And in 1948, C.P.Alricclaimed to see something rise up from Lake Manitobaandlet outa"prehistoric type of dinosaur cry," according to books and websitesoncryptidsanimals reported in folklore, for which absolutescientific evidence is lacking.

"Manitoba has a special place in the world of monsters," says thewebsite MysteriousUniverse, noting the term cryptidwas actually coined by ManitobanJohn Wall to describe unexplained creatures, particularly sasquatch.

The Centre forForteanZoology, an organization dedicated tocryptozoology, calls Manitoba "a wonderland forcryptids," with its more than 110,000 lakes,263,000square kilometres of forest, andplenty of "hills and prairies,swamps and rivers, and flora and fauna of all sorts" in which the unknown could roam.

"When you look at the overall picture there are many, many unusual and fascinating aspects of Manitoba," said Rutkowski.

"So if you're out on the lakes orby the shore or at the beaches this summer, keep an eye out because you never know what that ripple in the water offshore might be," he said.

"You don't really have to go far to have a truly mysterious Manitoba vacation this summer."

Long history of reported sightings

As for the lake monsters, other reported sightings on Lake Manitoba, according to the ManipogoWikipedia page,include:

• 1957: Louis Belcher and Eddie Nipaniksay they saw a giant serpent-like creature in the lake.
• Aug. 12, 1962: Two fishermen, Richard Vincent and John Konefall, claim to have seen a large creature, like a serpent or giant snakefrom their boat on Lake Manitoba near the mouth ofthe Waterhen River.
• 1960s: A couple say theysaw a "reptile-like beast" surfacing about 10 metres from their boat.
• 1989: Sean Smith and family, visiting from Minneapolis on a camping trip, stayed at Shallow Point Campground, off Highway 6 on Lake Manitoba. He described seeing "many humps" in the lake, about 25 metres offshore.
• 1997: Several reports by cross-country campers from Quebec staying at the Lundar Beach Campground describe what appeared to be a large reptile head risingand falling in the water, more than 100metres offshore. Swimmers were asked to leave the water, but the "head" only appeared one time. It was dismissed as a floating log, but no log was seen afterward.
• 2004: Commercial fisherman Keith Haden, originally from Newfoundland and Labrador, reported that several of his fishing nets on Lake Manitoba near the narrows were torn up by what seemed like an ocean shark or killer whale. The fish that were in the nets were not nibbled on, but actually torn in half, he said, by what seemed like huge bites.
• 2009: Several residents at Twin Lakes Beach reported seeing several humps a few hundred metres from their lakefront cottages. No photos were taken.
• 2011: Many sightings of several humps emerging and then submerging, seen from offshore, were reported at locations like Marshy Point, Scotch Bay, and Laurentia Beach by security personal patrolling flooded cottage and home areas.
• Aug. 9, 2012: A report claimed that just offshore of the outlet at Twin Beach Road, something surfaced twice, showing a scaled/sawtooth jagged back, likethat of a giant sturgeon.

Cedar Lake snake

Sonya Ballantyne, a writer and filmmaker originally from Misipawistik Cree Nation in northern Manitoba, said her grandma used to tell her stories about the "huge water snake" in Cedar Lake.

Her grandma lived in nearby Chemawawin Cree Nation when it was located at the confluence of the Saskatchewan River and Cedar Lake, not far from Grand Rapids.

The entire Chemawawincommunity was forced to relocatein the early 1960s when their land was flooded out by the new Grand Rapids generating station. The reservoir created by the dam swallowed the old community, save for a small island still occupied by a lone church.

It's something people have been fascinated with for many, many years and the fact reports still come in suggests that the enchantment is still there.People have embraced it.- Chris Rutkowski

A new reserve was created near Easterville, on the southeast shore of Cedar Lake.Ballantyne said her grandmother never went back to visit what was left of the old community, afraid of the snake in the water that now surrounded it.

While the stories stuck with Ballantyne, they inspired rather than scared her.

"I wanted to be a marine biologist as a kid, so I was hoping to see a snake.I loved the idea of water creatures," she said.

She added that shenever did see any creature "but my mum is convinced he is still out there."

"It's something people have been fascinated with for many, many years and the fact reports still come in suggests that the enchantment is still there.People have embraced it," said Rutkowski, adding sightings have also come fromWest Hawk Lake, Traverse Bay on Lake Winnipeg, Crane Riverand Waterhen Lake.

The reports are "really all over the place but it's unlikely from a zoological perspective, simply because of how many of these [beasts] would be needed to survive a population over the years," he said.

"Although, you know, between Lake Manitoba and Winnipeg, there are some very large limestone deposits and there's been a theory that perhaps there's an underground cavern orrivers that travel between the lakes, and that's where they stay in winter."

The search for Manipogo

There have been attempts to try and findManipogo, Rutkowski noted. In the 1960s, professor and zoologist James McLeodwas inspired by the stories and the discovery decades earlier of a vertebranext to one of the lakes.

He explored some caves and crevasses in the lakesbut found nothing to support the monster claims. As for the bone, it was discounted as likely beingfrom an ancient sea beast that once swam the inland sea covering the province after the last Ice Age.

The only photo to ever surface from a Manipogo witness was taken by Richard Vincent in August 1962, when he andJohn Konefall were ona fishing trip near Meadow Portage, a stretch of land between Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba.

They followedthe creature to get a picture but it movedquickly and kept out of reach oftheir 10-horsepower boat. All Vincent could do was snapa blurry photo from severalmetres away.

Critics dismissed it as a log with limbs and also pointed to the fact there is no wake visible in the photowhich should exist if the creature was swimming faster than a boat.

Vincent and Konefall in subsequent years were reluctant to discussthe sighting, with Vincent no longer calling it a monster, but just "something" in the lake.

"Some people have suggested, just like Loch Ness, that it's some kind of prehistoric monster, like a plesiosaur or something with a long neck that lives in the water," Rutkowskisaid.

"At this point we don't have any real scientific evidence that iswhat's going on,but it's fascinating to hear all the stories.

"But what we have to emphasize is thata lot of what people are seeing is playing with their imagination."

Rutkowski, whois head of the Ufology Research Centre in Winnipeg and has been researching the phenomenon for nearly 30 years, is well aware of things people think they see.

More recently, during the 2011 flooding around Lake Manitoba, he received phone calls and emailsabout something in the water.

"Very likely we're talking about logs and other things because the flooding really disrupted the timber along shore," he said.

Other explanations are that the so-called beast is actually a swimming moose with its head long like a horse's above the surface and its humped back showing as well.

Moose are known to grunt and bleat when swimming, which could explain the cries some people have heard.

Another possibility it could be a sturgeon,which are common in Manitoba.

Louis Breteche, who saw what he described as aserpentine animal in 1957, claimed itlifted its head out of the water about three feet and thenslapped it down on the water again. He said itdid that a couple of times.

Some of those details could fit with the characteristics of sturgeon.

According to Manitoba Hydro, lake sturgeon never stop growing and are the largest freshwater fish in Manitoba. The average size is about1.5 metres, thoughthey can grow up to 2.5 metres and weigh over 140 kilograms.

When swimming, their length can appear exaggerated because of the slow wake behind them.

The brown and black fish can live for more than 150 years and enjoy tail walking standing above the water on their tailsaccording to Hydro.

They have also been observed swimming upside down on their backs, possibly to feed on insects on the surface of the water, given their mouths are under a long, flat head.

"One can just imagine that a sturgeon rolling on its belly might appear very strange indeed," Rutkowskisaid.

"But when you talk to people who say 'No, no this wasn't a fish, this was something with humps and it had a long neck that rose out of the water,' what do you do with those cases other than add it to the great body of mythology that surrounds this wonderful phenomenon?

"And adding a little mystery to our lives might be exactly what we need."