Nanotechnology used in new chlamydia treatment developed by University of Waterloo researchers

Researchers at the University of Waterloo say they've developed a new way to prevent and treat chlamydia.

The treatment uses nanotechnology to deliver gene therapy, which prevents and treats the sexually transmitted diseasesaidlead researcher Emmanuel Ho,a professor from University of Waterloo'sSchool of Pharmacy.

Ho says the treatment "knocks down" a gene in the cell, preventing chlamydia from latching on and infecting it. If the cell is already infected, the therapy encourages the cell to active a process "which basically puts a little bubble around the chlamydiaand then destroys it."

Ho's technique uses a uniquenanoparticlethat enables the gene therapy to enter the cells.The treatment would be administered as a topical gel or cream to the genitals.

Common sexually transmitted infection

Health Canada says chlamydiais the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the country.

In 2015, a total of 116,499 cases ofchlamydiawerereported in Canada and rates have been steadily increasing since 1997.

The traditional treatment forchlamydiais antibiotics. Ho said the problem with antibiotics is there's a major concernof infections, includingchlamydia,becoming more drug resistant.

"We're trying to develop, in advance, an antibiotic alternative," Ho said. "When chlamydiaor other types of infections are truly 100 per cent ineffective because of antibiotics, then we have a second line of defence."

Still early in research

Ho said a single dose of the treatment has a 65 per cent prevention success rate.

The next steps are to evaluate how the treatment works in animal models, then move on to humanclinical trials.

"We are still in the early stages but we're very hopeful," Ho said of the treatment eventually going to market.

Right now, he noted the treatment is more costly than antibiotics but Ho says he hopes the cost will go down over time as it's mass produced.

And, he says, the way it's administered could be used for other infections.

"For our study, we just used chlamydia as more of a model sexuallytransmitted infection, but this could technically be used for other sexually transmitted infections, for example, gonorrhea," he said. "I believe it can be applied to other infections as well."