Physio grads, professionals question validity of national licensing exam after latest glitches

The virtual clinical exams to certify physiotherapy graduates in Canada experienced difficulties again this week, leaving many applicants unable to finish the test.

It's the latest chapter in what has been an 18-month saga of the failure of the Canada Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulators (CAPR) to offer the clinical exam, creating a backlog of thousands of unlicensed graduates.

After multiple cancellations and system failures, many in the industry including graduates and professionals say they have lost faith in CAPR'sabilityto offer the exam. They also question the validity of the examaltogether.

"It is one job to administer this type of exam. And they are struggling and they have struggled time and time again," saidinterim physiotherapist Eric Bennett of Langley, B.C., who is supposed to take the exam at the end of Septemberafter multiple cancellations.

In March 2020, in-person clinical exams were cancelled countrywide as the world reactedto the COVID-19 pandemic. Six months later, in November, the exams were cancelled with the goal of developing a pandemic-proof alternative.

Then, in March 2021, the online physiotherapy exam platform crashed while students were in the midst of taking the test,leading tocancellations. The following month, CAPR cancelled all of its 2021 clinical examsbut has recently reinstated them.

On Wednesday, CAPR held its first round of exams on a new virtual platform. There were 24students registered. Again, it was plagued by issues.

"Today we relaunched the virtual clinical exam. Some candidates have already completed the exam, but unfortunately, we did experience a series of small issues with other candidates," the assessment agency wrote on Facebook.

It says only 50 per cent of the candidates completed the exam.

Ongoing examination issues

CAPR's failure to offer the exam during the pandemic has led to a backlog of more than 2,000 prospective physiotherapists in Canada. (Quebec has its own licensing board thatdoesn't require a clinical exam.)

The Canadian Physiotherapy Association says it's put a strain on an industry that is already short-staffed.

"We need them to be working, fully licensed," said Amanda de Chastelain, the association's president.

"There are Canadians out there who need them. There are clinics that are desperate to hire them. There are hospitals that need them, there's COVIDpatients that need them, there's post-COVID patients that need them," she said.

Physiotherapy graduates who are unlicensed in Canada canwork on interim licences, but there are limitations. Interim physios often earn less, aren't able to specialize andmust work under a supervisor.

Many feel their careers have been left in limbo.

Throughout the past year, CAPR has declined every request by CBC News for an interview, butin response to an email, Toronto-based CEO Katya Masnyk acknowledged "that this has been a challenging year."

However, she disagreed that CAPR's inability to offer the exam has put graduates' careers on hold.

"The ability to practise professionally [on an interim licence] and continue to learn and develop while waiting to take the final licensing examis still a rewarding career," Masnyk said.

Masnyk wrote that she has had many conversations with candidates, and her impression is they do not feel CAPR hashandled the situation unprofessionally.

"The vast majority of them [candidates]are handling the challenges of the pandemic very professionally including adjusting to exam changes, as needed," she said.

"My sense is that those who are complaining about CAPR are candidates who simply do not want to take a clinical assessment at all and would prefer for regulators to not require it."

But interim physiotherapist Bennett called it an unfair characterization.

"If I were to be told tomorrow I could write the exam but be guaranteed that it's going to run and it's going to run smoothly, I would absolutely do it so that my mental health would be a lot better than it is right now waiting to write this exam," he said.

Future of the exam

Over the past year-and-a-half, there has been a growing debate aboutthe validity of Canada's clinical licensing exam for physiotherapists.

In August, researchers from Western University in London, Ont.,published an analysisthatfound littleevidence to showthe examsreliably assess candidates.

"We concluded that an immediate post-professional OSCE as a requirement for licensure of Canadian program graduates is unnecessary," the research paper's authors wrote in their conclusion, referring to an objective structured clinical examination.

The paper also compared Canada with17 other countries that havewell-developed regulation systems for physiotherapists and found that Canada isthe only country to require them to pass a clinical licensing exam after obtaining their university degrees.

Masnyk said thatCAPR conducts an independent, external review of the exam and its delivery about once every five years andimplements anyrecommended changes.

"There is considerable evidence of the exam's validity. People who are arbitrarily saying there isn't are again the people who would like to see the exam dropped," she said.

There are also members of the professional community calling for the exam's termination.

Bahram Jam, a Toronto physiotherapist for29 years, saidhe received letters of complaint from three physiotherapy colleges inCanada after publicly questioning the efficacy of the clinical exam.

"This exam is not protecting the public. It's putting undue stress on the physiotherapy students and the profession, and it is an unjustified cost to them," Jam said.

He has collected hundreds of signatures from professionals in the industry asking the provincial government to stop requiring the exam. However, it's a long and difficult process, as the exams are currently legislated.