Key dates after the U.S. debt limit deadline

Here are key dates to watch as Congress negotiates over raising the U.S. governments debt limit:

Thursday: This is when Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew says the government would no longer be able to borrow. As a result, it would have to spend only from its cash on hand and tax revenue. Lew estimates that the Treasury would have about $30 billion in cash.

Oct. 21: The Treasury holds a weekly auction of three-month and six-month Treasury bills. The proceeds from these auctions will replace maturing securities. So they dont add to the debt limit. The auction would be an early test of how investors will respond to a failure to raise the borrowing limit. Nervous investors would likely demand higher rates, thereby raising the governments borrowing costs.

Oct. 22: Sometime between this date and Oct. 31, according to the Congressional Budget Office, the government would run out of cash. It would have to slash spending 32 per cent over the next month, according to the Bipartisan Policy Center. Treasury would probably make its top priority the payment of interest and principal on its debt to avoid a default. Either way, some programs wouldnt be funded, possibly including Social Security, veterans benefits and Medicare.

Oct. 23: A $12-billion US Social Security payment is due. Without an increase in the debt limit, Treasury might have to wait two days to accumulate enough cash to make that payment, according to the Bipartisan Policy Center. Missing the payment would likely intensify fears that the government will soon default.

Oct. 24: The government must redeem $93 billion in short-term debt. It will likely raise the cash to do so at its Oct. 21 auction. But its possible that Treasury would run short of cash or some error might occur, resulting in default.

Oct. 31: The Treasury must pay $6 billion in interest on the debt. If it doesnt have enough cash, it would default. If the debt limit hasnt been raised by this point, much higher rates and far less government spending would likely nudge the economy toward recession.

Nov. 1: The government faces a stack of bills: $25 billion in Social Security benefits, $18 billion in Medicare reimbursements, $12 billion in military pay and veterans benefits and $3 billion for other benefit programs. With no increase in the debt limit, these payments would likely be delayed at least two weeks, the Bipartisan Policy Center estimates, to give the government time to build up cash.

Nov.15: The Treasury must make an additional $29 billion in interest payments. If the economy has slowed and tax payments fall short of expectations, the government might not have enough cash and would have to default.