Fed chair Janet Yellen says low rates to linger

Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen made clear Monday that she thinks the U.S. job market is still underperforming and will continue to need the help of low interest rates "for some time."

Yellen's remarks signaled that even after the Fed phases out its monthly bond purchases later this year, it has no plans to raise a key short-term rate anytime soon. The bond purchases have been intended to keep long-term loan rates low.

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Her remarks sent a reassuring message to investors, and markets were up.On Wall Street, the Dow Jones industrials added 134.60 points to 16,457.66, the Nasdaq lifted 43.23 points to 4,198.99 and the S&P 500 index rose 14.72 points to 1,872.34.

Stocks, which had been up beforeYellenbegan speaking, rose further on her remarks before slipping later. Low rates tend to lead some investors to shift money into stocks and thereby raise stock prices.

Many traders had grown anxious that the Fed might raise short-term rates by mid-2015. Their concerns were stirred two weeks ago, when Yellen suggested that the Fed could start raising short-term rates six months after it halts its bond purchases, which most economists expect by year's end.

A short-term rate increase would elevate borrowing costs and could hurt stock prices.

But on Monday, Yellen indicated that the Fed still thinks rates should remain low to stimulate borrowing, spending and economic growth.

"I think this extraordinary commitment is still needed and will be for some time, and I believe that view is widely held by my fellow policymakers at the Fed," Yellen said in her first major speech since taking over the Fed's leadership in February.

'Real people' behind job statistics

Speaking to a national conference on community reinvestment in Chicago, Yellen described the U.S. job market as less than healthy despite steady improvement since the recession ended nearly five years ago. She said the difficulty many people are still having finding full-time work shows that low rates are still needed to encourage borrowing and spending.

In an unusual touch for a speech by a Fed chief, Yellen described the personal stories of three people who had lost their jobs during the recession and struggled to find work.

"They are a reminder that there are real people behind the statistics," Yellen said. She noted the struggles of a medical claims processor, a printing plant worker and a construction worker who lost their jobs during the Great Recession.

"The past six years have been difficult for many Americans, but the hardships faced by some have shattered lives and families," she said. "Too many people know firsthand how devastating it is to lose a job at which you had succeeded and be unable to find another; to run through your savings and even lose your home."

Yellen said that while the unemployment rate has fallen from a peak of 10 per cent in October 2009 to 6.7 per cent in February, by many measures the job market remains weak. She said she and her Fed colleagues think an unemployment rate between 5.2 per cent and 5.6 per cent would be "consistent with maximum sustainable employment."

Long-term unemployment

As she did at her first news conference two weeks ago, Yellen said she monitors measures beyond the unemployment rate in assessing the job market. These include the percentage of unemployed workers who have been out of work for more than six months and a gauge of people without jobs who have stopped looking for one or who have had to take a part-time job even though they would like full-time work.

"The recovery still feels like a recession to many Americans, and it also looks that way in some economics statistics," Yellen said. "In some ways, the job market is tougher now than in any recession."

Yellen's remarks came at a national conference on community development sponsored by the Fed and other banking regulators and the Treasury Department. Afterward, she toured a manufacturing lab at Daley College to observe a program to train students for high-tech manufacturing jobs.

Yellenpresided over her first Fed interest-rate meeting on March 18 and 19. At that meeting, the Fed approved a third $10 billion cut in its monthly bond purchases to $55 billion. It's used the bond purchases to try to keep long-term rates low.

'A considerable time'

The Fed also dropped language from its statement that had said rates would likely remain low "well past" the time unemployment fell below 6.5 percent. Instead, it said it would review "a wide range of information" before starting to raise rates. It said it planned to keep short-term rates low for a "considerable time" after it stops buying bonds.

Asked at her news conference to define a "considerable time,"Yellensaid it "probably means something on the order of six months."

That comment rattled investors, who feared it could mean the Fed would start raising rates in the first half of 2015, earlier than many had expected.

Yellen's comments on Monday about the Fed's commitment to low rates could help convince investors that the first Fed rate increase will more likely come later.